The Bible Is The Story Of God Essay - 1136 Words

How are we to approach Scripture? Are we to come without any preconceived ideas or notions? Or are we to approach Scripture with all tradition and experience? The truth is, everyone reads the Bible from a perspective; meaning everyone comes with preconceived ideas of what the Bible means—what they think it means. People cannot help but read their lives into the Scriptures. However, because the Bible is divinely inspired, God is able to overcome those ideas so that his truth is clearly seen. Therefore, is one approach to reading, interpreting and understanding the bible better than another? Can certain approaches to the Bible affect the Bible’s authority? Absolutely. Ultimately the Bible is the story of God, not the story of people. Therefore, what God (and Jesus) does and says, is of utmost important and everyone else in the Bible is a minor character that certainly brings understanding, but not the main point. Therefore, two examples come into view in their approach to Scripture; Phyllis Trible, a feminist theologian and N. T. Wright, an English New Testament scholar. In as much as they differ in their approach to Biblical authority and interpretation, they reveal the challenges of giving the Bible the authority it is due. Specifically, Trible approaches the Bible by focusing on all the unjust treatment of women; whereas, Wright focuses on what is missing from Scripture and the churches need to fill in the gaps. In each example, there are clearly strengths, that give theShow MoreRelatedA Christian Home : The Bible Stories, But Not The God Of Those Amazing Accounts2005 Words   |  9 PagesChurch. I am thankful that God kept me from a lot of stuff that kids my age fell into. That being said, I was still in need of a Savior. Growing up in Church I knew about Christ, but didn’t know Him. I knew the Bible stories, but not the God of those amazing accounts. I was at a youth New Year’s Eve lock-in at my home Church, and we were havi ng fun playing games and eating. The youth leader called us all together to â€Å"pray in the New Year†. It was at that time that God really dealt with my heartRead MoreEssay about The Nature of God and Morality in The Bible1407 Words   |  6 Pagesthat religion. Using stories and proverbs this code of conduct, and thus just society, is not only set, but also shown in examples. In The Bible, the essence of a just society is laid out within passages that serve as the laws, including Deuteronomy, and the Psalms, and in the stories, such as the stories of Job, David, Samuel, and the Family of Adam. The actions and nature of God in these stories are meant to be an example of the values and personality favored by God. In these passages, aRead MoreBible Vs. Koran Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bible and The Koran A Comparative Analysis Christianity and Islam have several similar aspects. Both religions praise the same God, although they each have a different given name. Muslims refer to their god as Allah, and Christians simply refer to their god as God. Both religions are monotheistic, and both even have a set of religious laws that all who are righteous abide by. Muslims follow the Five Pillars of Islam, while Christians follow the Ten Commandments. Both religions even have theirRead MoreMythology And Christianity : Mythology948 Words   |  4 Pageslive in today. The stories that derive from these great folk tales set a scene in lives of people who worshipped their God’s and the items that they praised them for. Depending on the geographic location and the time of the myth, or at least what it could be traced to, the people would praise and worship different God’s for different reasons. Just like in our modern system of religion in this day and age, different groups have formed different religion s and praise a different God for different reasonsRead MoreBible vs. Koran1661 Words   |  7 PagesNiccole Culver World Literature I Professor Walker March 20, 2007 The Bible and The Koran A Comparative Analysis Christianity and Islam have several similar aspects. Both religions praise the same God, although they each have a different given name. Muslims refer to their god as Allah, and Christians simply refer to their god as God. Both religions are monotheistic, and both even have a set of religious laws that all who are righteous abide by. Muslims follow the Five Pillars of Islam, whileRead MoreThe Bible Is The World s Most Widely Read Book1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bible is the world’s most widely read book. It contains multiple holy books that reveal who God is and account for His many works for humankind. These books describe the story of God from creation, to the fall, to redemption, and lastly to the new creation known as revelation. The big picture of the Bible is to tell the story of God’s works from creation of the world, which was Genesis, to the end, which is revelation. It is important to familiarize oneself with these passages and texts becauseRead MoreChrist mas As The Starting Point938 Words   |  4 Pagesbase story of Christ through the holiday of Christmas. Approaching an individual to talk to them about Christ, God, faith, sin, heaven, eternal life, and salvation can bring to the forefront both previous experiences and preconceived ideas. In the current worldview of truth being relative, the concrete descriptions and actions of Christianity can be difficult to focus. Use of historical texts, archaeological and geological evidence can provide â€Å"non-Christian† validation to the story of God, creationRead MoreWe Are All Familiar With Bible Stories And Fairy Tales1473 Words   |  6 Pageswith Bible stories and fairy tales. They typically began as verbal stories, passed down from generation to generation, before they were put down on paper or made into a film. Stories which use outlandish situations to, ideally, teach the readers how to live as good people. Stories such as Cinderella, The Three Little Pigs, Snow White, J onah and the Whale, Noah s Ark, Hansel and Gretel, and The Adventures of Pinocchio include situations which could not have possibly happened. These stories may helpRead MoreThe Old Testament871 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Bible, there are many different kinds of ways to make sacrifice to God. Mostly, God just ask for animal sacrifice. God has a mercy image. It seems that human sacrifice are evil god’s requirements. However, people could also find out some records about human sacrifice in the Bible. In the book of Judges, Jephthah has made a vow to God that he would burn the first person come out of his house to meet him as an offering to God, he was going to make an human sacrifice for God. At last, he killedRead MoreIslam and Christianity: Two Figureheads in Two Influential Texts1110 Words   |  5 Pagesbeliefs and gives rules or commandments to live by. Islam has the Quran, and Christians have the Bible. Many people in today’s world would deny that there are any s imilarities between the two books; however, two figures appear in both texts, Abraham and Jesus. The stories of Abraham and Jesus are incredibly similar but, the theological interpretation of these stories creates differences between the Bible and the Quran. Abraham and Jesus were very important during their own lifetime as well as in today’s

Fair Value Accounting And Audit - 2360 Words

Fair Value Accounting and Audit Ivie Uduebho 4/30/2015 Introduction In today’s businesses, there has been an increase in the demand for financial reporting and also, the need to have reliable measurements of fair value and its disclosures. The need for reliable information has caused continuous change to accounting policies which has posed a challenge not only to management of companies, but also to auditors. The frequent changes in accounting principles pose a challenge for managers in measuring accounting estimates accurately and are an exceedingly difficult task. Fair value accounting is a financial reporting approach in which companies are required to measure and report on an ongoing basis certain assets and liabilities at estimates of the prices they would receive if they were to sell the assets or would pay if they were to settle their liabilities. Under fair value accounting, companies report losses when the fair values of their assets decrease or liabilities increase. Those losses reduce companies’ reported equity and may also reduce companies’ reported net income. The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) also defines fair value as â€Å"the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date†. According to these definitions, fair value is an unrealistic, idealized qualitative value. The current market valueShow MoreRelatedTimberlands: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Fair Value1412 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the timber industry. I will cover the following topics: different accounting treatment under U.S. GAAP and IFRS, the influence on investment decisions, Plum Creek’s reason for the opposition against transformation, and conclude with my preferred accounting treatment under different roles. ACCOUNTING TREATMENT The concern is mainly on recognition of the value of standing timberlandsRead MoreComparative Analysis Of Fair Value And Historical Cost Accounting On Reported Profit1659 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Comparative Analysis Of Fair Value And Historical Cost Accounting On Reported Profit: A Study Of Selected Manufacturing Companies In Nigeria. (BESSONG, 2012) Study the importance of historical value and fair value cost accounting on reported profit. The study discussed how fair value accounting and historical cost accounting will have effect on the reported profit. However it is said that key objective of any business is to earn profit and it is also equally important to report the profitRead MoreEssay about Gators Electronic1411 Words   |  6 Pagesapproximately 100 countries. Gator is an SEC registrant. You are planning to audit the current-year goodwill impairment analysis of Gator. Gator has performed its annual goodwill impairment analysis as of December 31, 20X3, with the assistance of an external valuation specialist, Management’s Expert. Gator elected not to perform the qualitative assessment for determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount and proceeded with StepRead MoreGator Electronics Term Paper1386 Words   |  6 Pagesmore likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount and proceeded with Step 1 of the quantitative two-step goodwill impairment test for all reporting units. On the basis of the valuation prepared by Management’s Expert, Gator estimated that the fair value of all of the reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values and no Step 2 analysis was required or prepared. Fair value, as defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), is theRead MoreThe Sabarnes-Oxley Act and PCAOB Essay727 Words   |  3 Pages PCAOB inspects registered public accounting firms to assess compliance with the Sarbanes -Oxley Act , the rules of the Board, the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission , and professional standards in relation to the performance of the firm , issuance of audit reports, and related matters other issuers , brokers and dealers . The Act requires the Board to carry out these inspections annually to companies that regularly provide audit reports for more than 100 issuers and at least everyRead MoreAuditor s Audit Adjustment : Audit Adjustments831 Words   |  4 Pagesauditor’s advised audit adjustments, which forces auditors to somehow determine on an aggregate basis the impact that proposed and/or passed audit adjustments have on a client’s financial statements. The most common reason for a client not to make a proposed audit adjustment is that the client disagrees with the need for the given adjustment. We don’t want to see that audit engagements at the end of the day become a war between client management and auditors over proposed audit adjustments. QuestionRead MorePlan Accounting : Defined Benefit Pension Plan, Health And Welfare Benefit Plans1596 Words   |  7 Pages2015-12 Plan Accounting: Defined Benefit Pension Plan, Defined Contribution Pension Plan, Health and Welfare Benefit Plans Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Background 3 3. Changes to the Standard 3 4. Other Consideration in the Audit Process 5 5. BeachFleischman Planned Implementation 5 6. Sample Documentation 5 1. Introduction The document communicates the major provisions and changes in this release of the Plan Accounting: Defined BenefitRead MoreGolden Bear Case Essay1302 Words   |  6 Pagesassertions† were relevant to Paragon’s construction projects? Describe an audit procedure that Arthur Anderson could have employed to corroborate that assertion for each. Professional auditing standards identify 5 â€Å"management assertions† that commonly underlie a set of financial statements. These 5 assertions are: occurrence, completeness, valuation/allocation, rights/obligations, and presentation/disclosure. With respect to the audit of Paragon’s construction project, some of these key assertions wereRead MoreInternal Audit And External Audit1136 Words   |  5 PagesBasically, audit is a systematic and independent process that requires qualified accountants, who are the auditors, to verify and evaluate the financial information (books of account, transaction records and relevant documents) of an organization objectively to ensure that whether the financial statements present a true and fair view and are prepared in accordance with law. It can be done internally and externally. One of the main differences between internal audit and external audit is that externalRead MoreAn Analysis of Instructional Case Focusing on Ethical Issu es Involving Financial Accountants and Independent Auditors1583 Words   |  7 Pages An analysis of Instructional Case Focusing on Ethical Issues Involving Financial Accountants and Independent Auditors Questions 1. Should auditors insist that their clients accept all proposed audit adjustments, even those that have an â€Å"immaterial† effect on the given set of financial statements? Defend your answer. To confirm that materiality is a pervasive concept in auditing, simply refer to the index of the professional

Organization marketing concept Free Essays

Core marketing strategy to achieve objective 4. Reference 1. Corporate objectives and how they lead to marketing objective Mission statement , a long-term view of what the organization wants to be . We will write a custom essay sample on Organization marketing concept or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing objective , a statement of what is to be accomplished through marketing activities . A,Sharon p. 54). Queerly founded in Australia in 1985, hey develop each product using potent blends extracted from the herbs and flowers objective of Curlicue is to proof that nature and science can come together . The company advocates the green, organic, healthy life style rather than a single perfume brand. They believe that nature and science can be beauty . Curlicue has spent over 25 years unearthing potent organic and patronymic ingredients and developing the unique Bio-Intrinsic process to create the purest, most powerful skin care. Now curlicue has became one of the famous skin care brand in the world, especially in Asian area. Curlicue insist to use nature ingredients and never been found to use any of chemicals over 25 years . They got customers’ trust on their product an build the goodwill in the market . 2. Organization marketing concept Obviously Curlicue is following the marketing concept ,production concept and social concept during 25 years. Social concept: For Curlicue, this currently includes working with suppliers when sourcing new packaging materials to ensure that environmental impacts are considered with designing new and/or replacement packaging items and accessories. Curlicue takes into consideration packaging life-cycle during the design process, incorporating sourcing, material type, production processes and potential wastage, void space in packaging, and packaging risibility/respectability. Relieve International Pity. Ltd. – Action Plan 2011-16) . 1 am the one of big fans of Curlicue . Every time I got their product packing box , I can see the end of the box said ‘This carton contains 80% recycled fiber and 20% sustainable sourced fiber . Please recycle . ‘ And it can be found n their formal website : commitment about their animal testing . They continue to adhere to the strict requirements of global cosmetic regulations regarding animal testing, with utmost respect for our customers and environment. Without any doubt , Curlicue always follow the production concept and marketing concept. Nestled in the Adelaide Hills is the magnificent patronymic Curlicue Farm where many of the herbs, flowers and plants are grown for our natural skin care products. Curlicue is one of the world’s most recognized skin care brands and is renowned for using the best in organic and patronymic ingredients to deliver quality skin care products. Reliquary web site ) 3. Core marketing strategy to achieve objective Curlicue offers pure and harmless products with good price. They impress the customer with the good quality and fresh fragrance. SOOT analysis : Strengths -Own organic farmland , nature ingredients , harmless to skin . Their supply chain expanded to America , Asian . Good reputation due to their environment protect . Weaknesses -Lack of creativity , lack of sale promotion activity Opportunity-More and ore customers and realize the important of nature product. Threats- With customers’ realization of important of nature production , more pretenders are using 1 . Make the consumers add the whole bunch of reliance credits in our brand equity account. 2. Trying to generate the new demands in existing market and get more market shares in this niche market. 3. Increasing the wide acceptance of our brand. Relieve 2012) Based on the marketing objectives and SOOT analysis , Curlicue need to make strategy to increasing their Brand effect . How to cite Organization marketing concept, Papers

Strategic Planning and Organizational Effectiveness

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Planning and Organizational Effectiveness. Answer: Introduction: Globalization gives organizations the chance to improve their presence in various markets. The increase in market competition equally forces businesses to take up agile business approaches and strategies to help them stay ahead of competition. Every successful business and non-profit-organization needs a set of action plans to help them realize a specific goal or solve a problem in the course of their operation. An organization has to come up with a way of bridging the gap between tactics and policies. According to Bhattacharyya, Jha Fernandes (2015), the set of methods and action plans are called a strategy. Therefore, a strategy defines the art of organizing and marshalling available resources and tools efficiently to achieve a set goal. It defines the scope and direction of an organization over a short and long term. A successful strategy is one that achieves maximum advantage for the organization in question by effectively configuring available resources. It answers the question of where the organization plans to go, the markets it plans to compete in and the types of activities it must carry out in the markets it defines. In achieving maximum advantage, the strategy defines how the organization can improve their activities to beat the market competition. A strategy also examines the external environment to understand the factors that might affect the competitive ability of a business. A strategy explains that means by which an organization effects its policies. Strategy refers to the way an enterprise counters its competitors. A strategy deals with how a company can beat its competition and stay afloat. Strategy defines the direction-wise decisions, purpose and missions, as well as how to meet these three. It also helps an enterprise to think of what it does presently and how to improve the current actions for the better attainment of the competitive advantage. There are different levels of strategy that an organization can adopt. The business unit strategy is a level that focuses on how the organization can compete successfully in selected markets. It is the part of a strategy that helps to analyze how a business can win in a specific market. It involves competitive analysis, where the business evaluates their competitive abilities as compared to competitors in a similar market. A company must evaluate its core competencies, clearly indicating how to use them to satisfactorily meet the needs of the target market. It gives business managers a line clear on how to strengthen or improve the competitive posit ion of the company. It helps the company to understand and address their threats, opportunities, strengths and weaknesses with the aim of gaining a higher competitive advantage. That a strategy is the most important part of an organizations operations is evident. Without a strategy, an organization cannot achieve the goals and outcomes it sets to achieve. Another level of strategy is the team strategy. It is the part of the business strategy that understands the need and importance of teams in executing all plans in the organization. Teamwork makes work easier and quicker than when individuals work alone. Each individual in the team has a specific role and goal. Similarly, each team in the organization has a contribution to make to the overall organizational goals. Therefore, each team needs their specific plans to help achieve the target or goal as assigned to them by the organization. The team level of the strategy is important because it has a direct contribution to the achievement of a companys strategy. This demonstrates how important a team strategy is in the achievement of an organizational goal. The reason is that team members strengthen and empower each other for a successful implementation of plans that lead to the achievement of goals. A team charter can help in defining boundaries and purposes of a team. The team strategy should have key performance indicators so that each team member weighs their ability to contribute to the team and the organization. Each team should define their plans towards achieving their allocated roles and goals. A corporate strategy is the part of the strategy that defines all the activities involved in making the entire organization a successful one. It combines all the business units and teams that operate in various markets. Srivannaboon (2005) notes, that this part of the strategy defines how the enterprise supports and promotes its business units. It strives to structure the overall business in such a way that all the parts and teams create a higher value together as compared to individually. The corporate strategy, therefore, brings all teams and business units together for a common good and achievement of the enterprise-based goals. It is the level of the organization strategy that builds proper internal competences, through shared resources and technologies within business units. It does so by raising capital in a cost- effective manner and efficiently maintaining the corporate brand. The level of strategy looks at how business units can come together to create a greater value. The s trategy seeks to combine all the possible action plans with the competences and resources that can help an organization achieve its key goals. Therefore, strategy can imply the collection of plans, patterns, positions, direction and perspective that a company has towards achieving its goals. Regardless of the size of the enterprise, strategy is important in achieving the goals of businesses and not-for-profit organizations. A strategy plays a crucial role in the success of these enterprises. An effective strategy helps in customer retention because it has a specific set of rules governing customer service. Ferreira Proena (2015) add that a good strategy develops a plan that ensures proper customer follow-ups. It makes it possible to keep in touch with repeat customers, ensuring that the products and services offered to them work properly. It ensures that at least one member of staff frequently communicates with the customers to try solve their issues and learn new ways of satisfying them. An effective strategy is one that has an established way of solving customer issues whenever they call. Customer follow-ups and customer service programs attract customer loyalty hence promoting customer retention. A strategy is also important in any type of organization because it ensures proper use of resources. Resources and equipment such as customer base, personnel, reputation, patents, stationary helps organizations to compete successfully. In view of this Giraudou Mclarney (2014) argue that a strategy that effectively utilizes resources gives a company a competitive advantage and the ability to develop new goods, increase the market share, as well as gives control over new technology in a specific industry. A strategy is important to organizations because it gives them the opportunity and power to discover more business opportunities outside their current practice. For this reason, a strategy is a tool for company expansion. Strategies promote aggressive marketing as well as engineering research that focus on new business frontiers. For instance, a company that focuses on computer repairs can easily grow into an internet service provider. The implication is that a good strategy promotes business growth. Strategy development and implementation should be one key role of executive management after a close analysis of the company competences, abilities and competitive position. Even with the proven benefits and advantages of strategy implementation, some companies still do not have effective strategies. There are many challenges that organizations face as they try to develop and implement strategies as explained by Giraudou Mclarney (2014). These challenges either make it difficult or impossible to have strategies that fit their business plans. One of the challenges is an improper attention from the leaders and managers. Most leaders and managers do not understand the importance of a strategy. Therefore, they do not prioritize on having one in the companies they lead. Such organizations will face challenges in trying to develop and implement strategies that enable them to reach their goals. Similarly, most employees do not understand strategy and its importance and relevance as it concerns the organization. The lack of awareness about the importance of strategy in an organization challenges its development and implementation. Once an organization lacks lea dership support in strategy development, then it becomes impossible to have a successful one. Proper strategy implementation needs a balanced act, where leaders and partners can co-operate to support a firms strategy. It also builds cohesion, and maintains objectivity needed in making tough business decisions. However, strategy implementation becomes challenging when leadership is weak and the leaders cannot solve tough business decisions according to plan. Poor leadership is another issue that paralyzes a firms ability to implement strategy. In the course of strategy planning, some companies lack a realistic honest evaluation of its activities. The result is a weak and inappropriate strategy that cannot achieve the set goals of an organization. The strategy is unachievable because it lacks proper evaluation of a firms ability to meet the set targets. Such a strategy, Oltra Flor(2010) discuss, may also be a result of unrealistic leaders who take up an ill-fitting plan as compared to the organizations current competitive position. If a firm lacks a proper action plan, the result is a challenged strategy development and implementation. Resistance to change is a common scenario in many of the organizations that face challenges in properly developing or implementing their strategies. The obscurity of bringing change in a particular industry rooted in individual behaviors is evident in majority of workforce. Since a proper strategy welcomes change in different areas of business operations, the companies whose employees show r esistance to change find it challenging to have an appropriate strategy. the employees do not allow the organization to implement new ways of operations hence making strategy formulation a challenging affair. Poor communication in a workplace is reason enough for the strategy to fail. The reason is that there is not established medium of information exchange. In such a case, it is difficult for an organization to express the need for a strategy for lack of a medium to do so. Stakeholders do not have a standard way to communicate. Therefore, information sharing from one business unit to another and from the leadership to subordinates is impossible, hence challenges in developing and implementing a workable strategy. Similarly, insufficient partner buy-in affects strategy formulation. When firms conduct strategic planning, the leaders and partners concerned need to understand the business reason behind the strategy as well as the reason change is inevitable in the achievement of the strategy. According to Meoqui Pedraza (2011), challenges come in when some of these leaders and partners do not see the need for changes in the strategy hence interfering with the entire process. Organizations need to communicate the need for strategy and the benefits that an organization reaps from a good strategy. It will go a long way in fighting the challenges involved in strategy implementation. Strategy is still relevant in the modern competitive environment. Companies and businesses that have substantial investment in strategic planning and implementation are at the top of competition in their respective industries. Companies like Samsung, General Electric, Mitsubishi and Siemens are examples of companies who achieved success through strategy implementation. Baylis, Wirtz Gray (2015); Grant (2016) believe that one aspect of business that every company fears is competition. Strategy formulation allows companies to evaluate their abilities and compare them with external factors. The evaluation helps companies to adjust accordingly hence maintaining a competitive advantage. Therefore, the importance of a strategy on the modern competitive environment is undebatable. Every business needs a strategy for it to manage to stay at the top of its competition. A strategy is a set of actions that define how a particular organization plans to use its resources to reach its goals. A good strategy is one that ensures that a firm beats its competition. There are three levels of strategy that organizations can adopt. These are team, corporate and business unit strategies. Each of these three converges to make the whole strategy a success. A strategy is important in the success of every enterprise. However, different challenges hinder its successful implementation. These include improper attention from leadership, poor leadership, lack of communication and resistance to change. Stiff competition defines the current business environment. Therefore, there is still need for organizations to have strategies that govern their everyday operations, hence its relevance. References Bhattacharyya, S. S., Jha, S., Fernandes, C. (2015). Expounding the Structural Elements of Strategic Planning in the Emerging Indian Market Context. Vision (09722629), 19(4), 357-365 Baylis, J., Wirtz, J. J., Gray, C. S. (2015). Strategy in the contemporary world: An introduction to strategic studies. Ferreira, M. R., Proena, J. F. (2015). Strategic planning and organizational effectiveness in social service organizations in portugal. Management: Journal Of Contemporary Management Issues, 20(2), 1-21. Giraudou, A., Mclarney, C. (2014). Benefits and Challenges to Strategic Planning in Public Institutions. SDMIMD Journal Of Management, 5(1), 3-13. Grant, R. M. (2016). Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases. Meoqui, L. M., Pedraza, J. M. (2011). The importance of adopting a good management strategy. Journal of Current Issues in Finance, Business and Economics, 4(3), 221-252. Oltra, M. J., Flor, M. L. (2010). The moderating effect of business strategy on the relationship between operations strategy and firms' results. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 30(6), Srivannaboon, S. (2005). Linking project management with business strategy.

Advanced Hypothesis Testing

Advanced Hypothesis Testing We will identify the feasibility of hiring temporary employees as opposed to working current employees into overtime at Proctor Gamble (PG). For example, PG employees earn an average of $25 dollars per hour and are entitled to many benefits like medical, dental, vision, and various employee assistance benefits. By hiring temporary employees, PG circumvent the need for benefits to that group of people.PG is a global corporation, employing over 98,000 people throughout the world. Recently, the company was rated fifth for the quality of its products and services and fourth for innovation. Overall, PG was ranked fourth on the Fortune list of the top five most admired companies (PG, n.d.).PG has one of the largest and strongest portfolios of trusted brands, including Pampers, Tide, Ariel, Always, Pantene, Bounty, Folgers, Pringles, Charmin, Downy, Iams, Crest, Actonel and Olay (PG, n.d.). The United States has different manufacturing plants in: Phoenix, Arizona, Russellville, Arkansas, O xnard, Anaheim, and Sacramento, California, Dover, Delaware, Albany, Atlanta, and Augusta, Georgia, Iowa City, Iowa, Kansas City, Kansas, Alexandria and New Orleans, Louisiana, Auburn, Maine, Hunt Valley, Maryland, Aurora, Nebraska, Avenel and South Brunswick, New Jersey, Greensboro and Henderson, North Carolina, Cincinnati (H.Q.),English: Mountains over Cayey municipality of Puer...Lima, Leipsic, and Lewisburg, Ohio, Mehoopany, Pennsylvania, North Sioux, South Dakota, Jackson, Tennessee, Sherman, Texas, Green Bay, Wisconsin, and Cayey, Puerto Rico (PG. n.d.).Our advanced null hypothesis is that by using temporary employees, Proctor Gamble will spend greater than or equal to what salaried employees earn. Our alternate is that Proctor Gamble will spend equal to or less than what salaried employees are paid. The level of significance is 95%.The test statistic used is the one sample t-test. T equals the mean minus the population mean divided by the sample divided by the square root o f the number.The decision rule is to accept the alternate hypothesis because the critical values fall within range.Descriptive Statistics: Wages/hrVariable N N* Mean SE Mean StDev Minimum Q1 Median Q3Wages/hr 35 1 13.471 0.265 1.567 10.500 12.500 13.500 15.000Variable MaximumWages/hr 17.000One-Sample Z: Wages/hrThe assumed standard deviation = 1.56795%UpperVariable N Mean StDev SE Mean BoundWages/hr 35 13.4714 1.5669 0.2649 13.9071One-Sample T95%UpperN Mean StDev SE Mean Bound35 13.4710 1.5670 0.2649 13.9189ReferenceProctor Gamble. Retrieved March 23, 2006 from: pg.com/en_US/index.jhtml

Free Essays on Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal, a mausoleum in Agra, India, regarded as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan had it built in memory of his wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal (Persian for â€Å"Elect of the Palace†), who died in 1631. Building commenced about 1632. The mausoleum was complete by about 1643 and the surrounding complex of buildings and gardens was complete by about 1653. Situated on the southern bank of the Yamuna River, the white marble mausoleum is composed of four identical facades, each containing a large central arch 33 m (108 ft) high. A large bulb-shaped dome, over 73 m (240 ft) tall, rises over the center, with four smaller domes surrounding it. The building is raised on a square podium with a minaret (tower) at each corner. It is flanked by two red sandstone buildings- a mosque and its replica, the Jawab (Answer), a building of which the main function is visual balance. Visitors approach the Taj Mahal through an imposing red sandstone gate, decorated with inscriptions from the Muslim holy book, the Qur'an (Koran). The gate and accompanying walls also contain a vast, geometrically laid out garden, 305 m (1,002 ft) on each side. The enclosed garden, itself a Muslim symbol of paradise, is cente red on a large, raised pool. Canals divide it into four equal parts, each containing flower beds, fountains, and cypress trees (symbols of death). Inside the Taj Mahal, the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal stands at the center of an octagonal hall, while the slightly larger tomb of Shah Jahan, who died in 1666, is off to one side. Both are elaborately carved and inlaid with semiprecious stones, illuminated by sunlight filtering through an elaborately carved marble screen that is also studded with jewels.... Free Essays on Taj Mahal Free Essays on Taj Mahal Taj Mahal, a mausoleum in Agra, India, regarded as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan had it built in memory of his wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal (Persian for â€Å"Elect of the Palace†), who died in 1631. Building commenced about 1632. The mausoleum was complete by about 1643 and the surrounding complex of buildings and gardens was complete by about 1653. Situated on the southern bank of the Yamuna River, the white marble mausoleum is composed of four identical facades, each containing a large central arch 33 m (108 ft) high. A large bulb-shaped dome, over 73 m (240 ft) tall, rises over the center, with four smaller domes surrounding it. The building is raised on a square podium with a minaret (tower) at each corner. It is flanked by two red sandstone buildings- a mosque and its replica, the Jawab (Answer), a building of which the main function is visual balance. Visitors approach the Taj Mahal through an imposing red sandstone gate, decorated with inscriptions from the Muslim holy book, the Qur'an (Koran). The gate and accompanying walls also contain a vast, geometrically laid out garden, 305 m (1,002 ft) on each side. The enclosed garden, itself a Muslim symbol of paradise, is cente red on a large, raised pool. Canals divide it into four equal parts, each containing flower beds, fountains, and cypress trees (symbols of death). Inside the Taj Mahal, the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal stands at the center of an octagonal hall, while the slightly larger tomb of Shah Jahan, who died in 1666, is off to one side. Both are elaborately carved and inlaid with semiprecious stones, illuminated by sunlight filtering through an elaborately carved marble screen that is also studded with jewels....

Carbon Dioxide Reduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Carbon Dioxide Reduction - Essay Example The Government's trend of putting embargo on building industry for less carbon emission is certainly a threat for it and for the people of the country as there will be created serious problems in the housing industry of the country. Britain is now a more diverse society - ethnically and culturally - than ever before. Over the centuries, and more particularly over recent decades, the contributions of those who have come to live here have enriched our country (Community, opportunity, prosperity Annual Report 2007). Now Britain has been planning to promote social justice among people living in it of whichever minority group or faith they belong to. A statistic of 2001 suggests that around one in twelve people were from minority ethnic communities and more than three million people were from minority faith groups. This diversity of multicultural environment has facilitated in bringing real economic and social benefits in Britain. Immigration and continued open relationships with countries around the world have resulted in economic dynamism with more jobs and access to crucial skills, and new ideas, better public services and a richer cultural life. Within this context of increasing diversity, Communities and Local Government is committed to forging cohesive, self-confident and prosperous communities that are at ease with themselves (Community, opportunity, prosperity Annual Report 2007 ). Doubtlessly, this has been possible due to the immense contribution of ethnic people living in Britain and contributing in community development. The country has also achieved a landmark success in effectively challenging social exclusion with homelessness acceptances which has been reduced at the lowest level since 1980s. Most importantly, the achievement of promotion of social justice through coordinated cross government action with less crime and better employment opportunities and educational outcomes is most aspiring, indeed. CO2 Emission and the Prospect of Building Project management The issue of climate change and its potential implications are areas of great concern to the public, industry and policy makers alike. As a result some leading industrialized nations have signed up to the Kyoto Protocol and made a commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions(Climate & carbon dioxide reduction). Due to the immense necessity of the people and of the society the scale of house building increases. In pursuance of this UK has passed a climate change bill in 26 November, 2008 to reduce carbon emissions. To meet the criteria of a sound and healthy environment the decision of the government has made the future of building industry a nightmare. Project management is a carefully planned and organized effort to accomplish a specific (and usually) one-time objective, for example, construct a building or implement a major new computer system(Project Management 2009). Project management includes a series of efforts to accomplish like developing a project plan for giving the ideas and confirming the project goals and objectives, identifying tasks and how goals will be achieved, quantifying the resources needed, and determining budgets and timelines for completion. In fact, it is a temporary

Gratitude Dinner Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gratitude Dinner - Assignment Example From this paper it is clear that the theme of the dinner is â€Å"wonderful menu with soothing music.† In light of this, there are three possible venues for this event in Oklahoma City and one of them is the Biltmore hotel. The reasons for this venue include guest rooms suited for persons with disability, ample and complimentary parking spaces and wireless internet with high speed. In addition, they have 367 beautiful and spacious rooms that can accommodate the entire family, including pets. However, there are some challenges with this venue, and that is, it’s relatively expensive compared to the rest. The other hotel is Sheraton downtown hotel that offers utmost privacy to the clients. It has excellent aura with blues and jazz music in its lounge. It also offers excellent foodstuff such as gourmet ice creams. The hotel is endowed with excellent valet and self-parking yard and swimming pool.  This study declares that  the budget is $10,000 excluding my salary and ti me that amounts to 10% of this budget. The budget sheet contains all the possible the expenses ranging from entertainment to meals and accommodation. After the dinner, there will be a colorful session to cut the ceremony cake to crown the jubilation. Further, the couples will take both family and group photographs with my client. There will be plenty of entertainment ranging from cool jazz and blues music. The ceremony will culminate with gifts presentation to the individual customers and their spouses.

Opportunities and challenges by multi-national companies in setting an Essay

Opportunities and challenges by multi-national companies in setting an appropriate transfer price - Essay Example One of such implications that come with inappropriate transfer pricing, as mentioned above, is the possibility of the transfer-in subsidiary making a loss or just no profit at all on the sale of the products received from the parent subsidiary. If for example the parent subsidiary manufactures a certain product at a cost of say $700 and transfers it to the distributer in another country at a cost $800, it shall have made a positive contribution of $100. Depending on the market price, the distributer may incur another variable cost of $100 and sell the product at $1000. In this case, the manufacturer has made a profit while the distributer has not. Therefore, one side will be motivated while the other will be demoralised. Nonetheless, both sides will be required to pay tax. There is, therefore, a need to set up an appropriate transfer price that does not favor one side of an enterprise. The fact that these subsidiaries exist in different locations with different tax jurisdiction creates a complex puzzle for the MNE. It has always been a challenging task to come up with a plausible method of setting up the most appropriate transfer pricing that accommodates all these contrasting tax jurisdictions. In most host nations, when a subsidiary transfers goods to another, the local governments usually view the buy-in subsidiary as a target customer from whom to siphon revenues. This perception has led to mandatory taxation on the sales of such goods even if no considerable profit has been realised. It should be noted that the subsidiary from which the goods were transferred had also been taxed the authority under which it operates. Therefore, these two corporate have been taxed for the very product. This is called double-taxation. Double taxation is a liability to any MNE and may deter the realisation of net profit (ACCA, 2009). The principle of Arm’s Length had been proposed to resolve

Problems faced by countries with low economic growth

Problems faced by countries with low economic growth The economic growth is an increase in gross domestic product (GDP) by measure the amount of income and products that occurring over some time period. How is the economist defining the economic growth? The economists define the economic growth as an increase in real gross domestic product (GDP) measured on per capital and the arrangement for inflation. Furthermore, as an economist, they will look carefully at comparisons of GDP per capital between the countries that are absolutely different economic structures and cultural values. Growth begins when we begin to accept our own weakness said by Jean Vanier. It means that if the people want to growth up the economic for their country, the people have to know about the country weakness and finding out the solution together to solving the countrys problems. This assignment is going to discuss about the country with slow economic growth and what are the problem faced by them and what are the solution to solve these problems. Body Economic growth The economic growth is an increase in gross domestic product (GDP) by measure the amount of income and products that occurring over some time period. When the economic growth is increasing, it will bring many advantages. The advantage of economic growth is improving the living standards. Furthermore, the positive effects on government finances because of government benefits and increase employment opportunities are also the advantages. At the movement, the people will not be unemployed and have a stable life. The last advantage is improving the confidence of firms and consumers which may lead to an increase in investment. Country with low economic growth The country which is in a slow economic growth is Vietnam. In Vietnam, the people are increase the economic growth with agrarian, subsistence, and village-oriented. The sources of economic are come from many sector, such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining and minerals, Industry and manufacturing, energy and tourist. The below are table show about the Vietnam GDP from 2003 to 2010. Year GDP real growth rate Rank Percent Change Date of Information 2003 6.00 % 22 2002 est. 2004 7.20 % 23 20.00 % 2003 est. 2005 7.70 % 27 6.94 % 2004 est. 2006 8.50 % 23 10.39 % 2005 est. 2007 8.20 % 29 -3.53 % 2006 est. 2008 8.50 % 28 3.66 % 2007 est. 2009 6.20 % 55 -27.06 % 2008 est. 2010 5.30 % 26 -14.52 % 2009 est. From the 16th century, the Confucianism was losing its influence in Vietnamese society. The money economy was develops on a negative ways. The early commercial ports such as Hoi An were forced and foreign countries with their different cultures and their invasion ambitions were seen as a theat. Finally, this policy led to a degree of stagnation in the Vietnamese economy and finally Vietnam becomes the French colony. Until French colonization in the mid-19th century, Vietnams economy had been stationary with agrarian, subsistence and village-oriented. The French colonizer is intentional developed differently. The import and export have been divisions into the north and south in 1954. The south is for agricultural and the north is for manufacturing. Besides that, the development of exports the coal is from the north and the rice is from south. The French do this is to stimulate the internal commerce. During the year 1954 to 1975, the second Indonesia war was seriously affected the Vietnams economy. The Vietnam economy drops seriously and worsened by the countrys 1.5million military and citizen deaths and its later about one million of refugees, including tens of thousands of workers who are intelligent and can help to improve the economy of country. After that, the government set up a Second Five-Year Plan start in the year 1976 to 1980. The plan they want to achieved between the year are increase the average annual growth rates of 16 to 18 percent in industry sector, 8 to 10percent in agriculture and 13 to 14 percent in national income. Furthermore, they also aimed to combine the north and south again. In the end, the plans aims were not achieved and the economy remained dominated by small-scale production, low labor productivity, unemployment, lack material and technological and insufficient and consumer goods. By following, the Vietnam Third Five-Year Plan was begun in the year 1981 to 1985. This plan is to comprise between ideological and pragmatic fractions. They emphasized the development of agriculture and industry. Efforts were also made to put down the power of government while planning and improve the managerial skills of government officials. From 1970 to 1990, the Vietnam becomes a member of Comecon and trade with the Soviet Union and its allies. After the dissolution of the Comecon, Vietnam was forced to freedom trade, devalue its exchange rate to increase exports and embark on a policy of regional and international economic capitalization. In 1986, Doi Moi reforms a centralized economy to a socialist-oriented market economy. In the year 1990, the business and agricultural is success and evident after reforms under the Doi Moi and the economy was growing at an annual rate of more than 7%, and the poverty was decrease nearly halved. The GDP fell in 1998 to 1999 because the government still holds a tight rein over major state sectors of the economy. Vietnam had a average growth in GDP of 7.1% per year from 2000 to 2004 and the GDP growth in 2005 was 8.4%. On 7th November 2006, Vietnam became the World Trade Organizations (WTO)150th member. Vietnams access to WTO was intended to produce an excellent economic growth to Vietnam, to ensure the continuation of open reforms and create options for trade expansion. The serious challenges were also provided to Vietnam to increased foreign competition. The problems faced by the country Vietnam is facing many problems in their country. The first problem is population. In Vietnam, the population is around 80 million, is the second largest country in Southeast Asia after Indochina. After the Vietnam War, the population is rising rapidly. Increasing population density, pressure on ageing infrastructure and worsening environmental damage prompted a policy of applying does not encourage a families have more than two children. Although the population is slow down, but the previous high rate of young population have make the strains on the education system and labour market. The second problem is poverty, the poverty is still appear in the rural areas. The increasing of cities affluence has cause the migration from the poor rural provinces into the cities and provides the social problems there. The salary for the low-skill jobs is very less and the unemployment rate is high. The third problem is Health. Most of the hospitals are in antiquated colonial buildings. In the hospital, there are only consists a basic equipment and the medical staffs are lack of skills and experience. Moreover, the poor people who are sick refused for treatment and medication because they do not have money to pay. The fourth and is controlling smuggling. Smuggling now is seriously in Vietnam. Smuggling is on a massive scale, mostly between Vietnam and China. About a quarter of Vietnamese import may be entering the illegally across its long, porous border with its mighty neighbour. The last problem is pollution. The flora and fauna and the habitat destroy are not only threat by the pollution. The flora and fauna destroy also caused by poaching and illegal logging especially in the poor rural areas. This problem cause the people cannot have a good standard of living. Recommendation to the country People are a good thing to the country but the population growth is still need to have a limit. About the population problem, the government can reform tax in a way that encourages couple to have no more than two children. The couple still be able to have, but the tax code would no longer subsidize more than two. The second problem is about poverty. The poverty was happened because the people are lack of knowledge. So, the government and citizen need to give the best education to the children. When the children are growing up, they will have the knowledge and develop the country to decrease the poverty percent. The government can also increase the tax of the rich people and using the tax to pay for the poor people and some social activities. The third problem is about the health. In Vietnam, there are consists only the basic equipment and some unprofessional staff in the hospital. For this problem, the government needs to provide the modern equipment, some medicine and increase the knowledge of every staff. Furthermore, the price for the treatment must be able to pay by some poor people. To control the smuggling, the government has to strengthen the law like increase the amount of fine and send to jail about 50 years. The lecturer also needs to give some speech to the new generation to make sure they will not involve in the negative activities. The pollution in Vietnam is very seriously. To solve the problem, the citizens have to cooperate between each other to plant the tree to improve the standards of living. Moreover, government also needs to strengthen the law to stop them to continue illegal logging and poaching. Conclusion

Hasidic Judaism Essay -- Judaism

Hasidic Judaism is a branch of Orthodox Judaism established in Eastern Europe during the 1800’s that put spirituality and a connection with God through mysticism at the forefront of its beliefs. In order to understand Hasidic Judaism, one must understand that Judaism is not only a religion; it is also a philosophy and a way of life for the Jewish people. One of the oldest monotheistic religions, Judaism has evolved over the years since the time of the founding fathers. Like any culture or religion, however, Jews have never been without conflict or disagreement amongst its people. Schisms amongst Jews over long periods of time have led to a branching out of sects and Jewish institutions. What led to the separation of denominations within was a fundamental disagreement on the interpretation and implementation of Halakah (Jewish religious law). Before the 18th century there was little differentiation between sects of Judaism; Jewry was based on Talmudic and Halakhic study and kno wledge. Constructed as an overly legalistic religion before the 18th century, the Hasidic movement popularized by Rabbi Israel Ben Eliezer sought to spread Judaism through the common man’s love of and devotion to God. Eastern European Jewry had established itself firmly amongst small villages in Poland since the 13th century . Remaining fairly stable, Jews in Poland uniformly followed and studied Rabbinic Judaism based on oral and Talmudic law. The only differences amongst Jewish Orthodox beliefs were between those who studied Jewish mysticism, or Kabbalah, and those who saw it as heretical. During the 17th century, the schism was brought into the spotlight by the False-Messianic movement of Shabbatai Tzvi, who was later forced to convert to Islam by the Ot... ...ity through mysticism allows the common man to feel importance, and to feel importance is one of the universal goals of man. Knowing this, Hasidism was a great fit for the type of communities it attracted, stemming from the psychological insight provided with Hasidism to answer the common person’s struggle with existence and self importance. Works Cited Elior, Rachel. The Mystical Origins of Hasidism. Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2006. Print. Magid, Shaul. Hasidism on the Margin: Reconciliation, Antinomianism, and Messianism in Izbica/Radzin Hasidism. Madison, Wisc.: University of Wisconsin, 2003. Print. Mintz, Jerome R. Hasidic People: A Place in the New World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1992. Print. Sears, Dovid. The Path of the Baal Shem Tov: Early Hasidic Teachings and Customs. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1997. Print.

Monarchial constitution Essay

Under the monarchial constitution of the United Kingdom (UK), the majority of prerogative powers are now exercised by the government in the name of the Crown. There are two principle definitions of Royal Prerogative (RP); that of Sir William Blackstone and that of Professor A. V. Dicey. According to Dicey, RP is defined as the residue of arbitrary or discretionary authority, which at any given time is legally left in the hands of the Crown. RP has several defining characteristics – RP is inherent to the Crown, derived from common law, exercised by the government on behalf of the crown, the powers are residual and RP legitimises government actions without the need for an Act of Parliament (AOP). Before the 17th century, the monarch had all three powers, the legislative, executive and judicial powers. The judiciary started gaining independence since the Case of Prohibitions 1607 and was fully independent after the Act of Settlement 1700, which effectively removed the power of the monarch to remove a judge at will. The independence of the legislature started with the Case of Proclamation 1611 and culminated in the Bill of Rights 1689, which curbed future arbitrary behaviour of the monarch and guaranteed Parliament’s power vis a vis the Crown. With these changes made to the UK constitution and as support grew for a democratic government, RP seemed out of place in the hands of the monarch and was slowly transferred into the hands of the government to be used in the name of the Crown. It is possible for RP to be codified i.e incorporated into an AOP, as can be seen from the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 (CRGA). The CRGA codified several RPs, such as the RP to ratify treaties. The codification of RP meant that it would be under Parliamentary control and not the Executive. In the UK today, the UK government makes certain decisions based on the RP if they are not covered under any statutes. However, there have been several cases regarding the use of RP brought to the courts, spearheaded by Darnels case as well as the Case of Ship Money. The fact that these cases could be judged by the courts showed that the government (on behalf of the monarch) could exercise the prerogative power granted by the courts. Therefore, the courts have the power to determine whether that prerogative power exists and the extent of the power exercised by the government. Codifying the RP ensures that courts would not have the power to determine its existence, as they are unable to determine the validity of an AOP, as directed by Lord Reid in Pickin v British Railways Board. It would also prevent conflicts with statutes, as well as promote greater certainty and accessibility in the law. However, codifying the RP would make it more rigid, which may affect the reflexes of the government in responding to situations which are time-sensitive. Nevertheless, the current practice of the UK government with regards to such RP would be to consult Parliament first. Thus, it would be desirable to codify the RP. The RP has always been a part of common law in the UK Constitution. In the Case of Proclamation 1611, then King James I declared two royal proclamations without the consent of Parliament. When the case was brought before the court, Lord Coke held that ‘the King hath no prerogative, but that which the law of the land allows him’, meaning that the King could only exercise the prerogative power granted by the courts. Following the judgment, there were several cases which involved the use of the RP which the courts upheld. In Darnels case, the Defendant was imprisoned due to a warrant issued from the King in which there was no reason for the imprisonment. The court held that the arrest was valid as this was the exercise of the monarch’s prerogative power to arrest. The Case of Ship Money also exemplified how the court could decide if use of RP was legitimate. Hampden had refused to pay taxes to the King, upon his RP to raise revenue in an emergency situation. The court subsequently upheld the power of the Crown. Lastly, the judgment in Lord Advocate v University of Aberdeen upheld the RP that things lost, abandoned or ownerless belongs to the Crown. However, the courts have also held several decisions which restricted the RP. In BBC v Johns, BBC claimed there was a prerogative to grant immunity to them so as to avoid paying taxes. This case was famous for the dictum of Lord Diplock who stated that it is â€Å"350 years and a civil war too late for the Queen’s courts to broaden the prerogative†. Some feel that the exercise of prerogative powers was outside judicial review. Lord Devlin (in Chandler v DPP) agreed, but in his obiter statement stated that the courts will not review the proper exercise of discretionary power but they will intervene to correct excess or abuse. Despite this, not all prerogative powers are subjected to judicial review, the reviewability is dependent on its subject matter and not the source of power. In the GCHQ case, Lord Roskill mentioned that â€Å"Prerogative powers such as those relating to the making of treaties, the defence of the realm, the prerogative of mercy†¦ are not, I think, subjected to judicial review because of their nature and subject matter is such as not to be amendable to the judicial process†. Thus, with RPs, courts would have the ability to judge whether they are implemented legitimately or not, dependent on the scope of the prerogative in question, but in the case regarding AOP, courts would not be able to question its validity, as stated by Lord Reid in Pickin (as above). This would be desirable as it would smoothen the relations between the Judiciary and Executive, with fewer conflicts between them. There are also situations whereby RP will be in conflict with statutes. As such, the Crown would not be able to exercise the prerogative power due to the doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty. In AG v De Keysers Royal Hotel, the Crown used the Royal Hotel during the First World War and the hotel later claimed for compensation under Defence Act 1842. Although the Crown argued that no compensation should be paid since there was an RP to acquire any land of the subject during wartime, the court held that when the statutory power and prerogative power co-existed, statutory power would override that of prerogative. Similarly, in R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Fire Brigades Union, the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme set up under Ministerial Prerogative powers was used instead of the Criminal Justice Act 1988, so as to save money by awarding less compensation. The court held that if there is a statutory scheme, it cannot be replaced by the RP. To prevent these scenarios from happening, Parliament has taken steps in recent years to incorporate some RP into statutes. For example, the Treasure Act 1996 states that the prerogative right of treasure trove has been abolished and replaced by this Act. The Human Rights Act 1998 protects citizens against arbitrary use of prerogatives, and the Fixed-Term Parliament Act 2011 has incorporated the RP of dissolution of Parliament. Hence with these recent developments, RP will be in less conflict with AOPs and more consistent with them, enabling them to be more certain and accessible to the public. There are naysayers of codifying the RP that argue that such an act would increase the rigidity of the process to achieve the intended result. Indeed, this is true as can be seen in the prerogative to declare war on other countries. For such a result, the government would need the operational flexibility and speed of deployment that the RP provides. By incorporating it into a statute, not only will the efficiency of the government be reduced, excess publicity that the AOP will bring would undermine the success of the operation. In addition, there will be situations where the government cannot await Parliamentary approval due to time constraints. Be that as it may, in practice, the government in modern times have looked for Parliament’s approval regarding the issue of war. In 2006, then Prime Minister Tony Blair, following his own vote over Iraq in 2003, acknowledged that he could not conceive of a situation in which a government is going to go to war – except in the circumstances where immediate action is required – without a full Parliamentary debate. The Iraq war vote was a significant precedent that Parliament should give its approval regarding such matters. Following which, Prime Minister David Cameron in 2011 held a Parliamentary debate on whether UK should establish a no-fly zone in Libya after the outbreak of military action. Lastly, in September 2013, a Parliamentary debate was called to discuss the possible military intervention in Syria after chemical weapons were allegedly used on civilians. By calling a vote, the government was ensuring continuing adherence to the practice that Parliament should have a say in such issues. Hence, even if codifying the RP does increase rigidity, the process of ensuring Parliament’s approval is already established. Some might feel that codifying the RP would be sacrificing UK history as they would be forgoing part of their culture which makes their unwritten constitution unique in today’s world (inclusive of New Zealand and Israel). Nevertheless, the RP is considered by many to be an outdated power and is such an important one that it should not bypass democratic representation.

Digital Fortress Chapter 107-109

Chapter 107 Susan had no idea how much time had passed. A burning in her throat pulled her to her senses. Disoriented, she studied her surroundings. She was on a carpet behind a desk. The only light in the room was a strange orange flickering. The air smelled of burning plastic. The room she was standing in was not really a room at all; it was a devastated shell. The curtains were on fire, and the Plexiglas walls were smoldering. Then she remembered it all. David. In a rising panic, she pulled herself to her feet. The air felt caustic in her windpipe. She stumbled to the doorway looking for away out. As she crossed the threshold, her leg swung out over an abyss; she grabbed the door frame just in time. The catwalk had disappeared. Fifty feet below was a twisted collapse of steaming metal. Susan scanned the Crypto floor in horror. It was a sea of fire. The melted remains of three million silicon chips had erupted from TRANSLTR like lava. Thick, acrid smoke billowed upward. Susan knew the smell. Silicon smoke. Deadly poison. Retreating into the remains of Strathmore's office, she began to feel faint. Her throat burned. The entire place was filled with a fiery light. Crypto was dying. So will I, she thought. For a moment, she considered the only possible exit-Strathmore's elevator. But she knew it was useless; the electronics never would have survived the blast. But as Susan made her way through the thickening smoke, she recalled Hale's words. The elevator runs on power from the main building! I've seen the schematics! Susan knew that was true. She also knew the entire shaft was encased in reinforced concrete. The fumes swirled all around her. She stumbled through the smoke toward the elevator door. But when she got there, she saw that the elevator's call button was dark. Susan jabbed fruitlessly at the darkened panel, then she fell to her knees and pounded on the door. She stopped almost instantly. Something was whirring behind the doors. Startled, she looked up. It sounded like the carriage was right there! Susan stabbed at the button again. Again, a whirring behind the doors. Suddenly she saw it. The call button was not dead-it had just been covered with black soot. It now glowed faintly beneath her smudged fingerprints. There's power! With a surge of hope, she punched at the button. Over and over, something behind the doors engaged. She could hear the ventilation fan in the elevator car. The carriage is here! Why won't the damn doors open? Through the smoke she spied the tiny secondary keypad-lettered buttons, A through Z. In a wave of despair, Susan remembered. The password. The smoke was starting to curl in through the melted window frames. Again she banged on the elevator doors. They refused to open. The password! she thought. Strathmore never told me the password! Silicon smoke was now filling the office. Choking, Susan fell against the elevator in defeat. The ventilation fan was running just a few feet away. She lay there, dazed, gulping for air. She closed her eyes, but again David's voice woke her. Escape, Susan! Open the door! Escape! She opened her eyes expecting to see his face, those wild green eyes, that playful smile. But the letters A-Z came into focus. The password†¦ Susan stared at the letters on the keypad. She could barely keep them in focus. On the LED below the keypad, five empty spots awaited entry. A five-character password, she thought. She instantly knew the odds: twenty-six to the fifth power; 11,881,376 possible choices. At one guess every second, it would take nineteen weeks†¦ As Susan Fletcher lay choking on the floor beneath the keypad, the commander's pathetic voice came to her. He was calling to her again. I love you Susan! I've always loved you! Susan! Susan! Susan†¦ She knew he was dead, and yet his voice was relentless. She heard her name over and over. Susan†¦ Susan†¦ Then, in a moment of chilling clarity, she knew. Trembling weakly, she reached up to the keypad and typed the password. S†¦ U†¦ S†¦ A†¦ N An instant later, the doors slid open. Chapter 108 Strathmore's elevator dropped fast. Inside the carriage, Susan sucked deep breaths of fresh air into her lungs. Dazed, she steadied herself against the wall as the car slowed to a stop. A moment later some gears clicked, and the conveyor began moving again, this time horizontally. Susan felt the carriage accelerate as it began rumbling toward the main NSA complex. Finally it whirred to a stop, and the doors opened. Coughing, Susan Fletcher stumbled into a darkened cement corridor. She found herself in a tunnel-low-ceilinged and narrow. A double yellow line stretched out before her. The line disappeared into an empty, dark hollow. The Underground Highway†¦ She staggered toward the tunnel, holding the wall for guidance. Behind her, the elevator door slid shut. Once again Susan Fletcher was plunged into darkness. Silence. Nothing except a faint humming in the walls. A humming that grew louder. Suddenly it was as if dawn were breaking. The blackness thinned to a hazy gray. The walls of the tunnel began to take shape. All at once, a small vehicle whipped around the corner, its headlight blinding her. Susan stumbled back against the wall and shielded her eyes. There was a gust of air, and the transport whipped past. An instant later there was a deafening squeal of rubber on cement. The hum approached once again, this time in reverse. Seconds later the vehicle came to a stop beside her. â€Å"Ms. Fletcher!† an astonished voice exclaimed. Susan gazed at a vaguely familiar shape in the driver's seat of an electric golf cart. â€Å"Jesus.† The man gasped. â€Å"Are you okay? We thought you were dead!† Susan stared blankly. â€Å"Chad Brinkerhoff,† he sputtered, studying the shell-shocked cryptographer. â€Å"Directorial PA.† Susan could only manage a dazed whimper. â€Å"TRANSLTR†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Brinkerhoff nodded. â€Å"Forget it. Get on!† The beam of the golf cart's headlights whipped across the cement walls. â€Å"There's a virus in the main databank,† Brinkerhoff blurted. â€Å"I know,† Susan heard herself whisper. â€Å"We need you to help us.† Susan was fighting back the tears. â€Å"Strathmore†¦ he†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"We know,† Brinkerhoff said. â€Å"He bypassed Gauntlet.† â€Å"Yes†¦ and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The words got stuck in her throat. He killed David! Brinkerhoff put a hand on her shoulder. â€Å"Almost there, Ms. Fletcher. Just hold on.† The high-speed Kensington golf cart rounded a corner and skidded to a stop. Beside them, branching off perpendicular to the tunnel, was a hallway, dimly lit by red floor lighting. â€Å"Come on,† Brinkerhoff said, helping her out. He guided her into the corridor. Susan drifted behind him in a fog. The tiled passageway sloped downward at a steep incline. Susan grabbed the handrail and followed Brinkerhoff down. The air began to grow cooler. They continued their descent. As they dropped deeper into the earth, the tunnel narrowed. From somewhere behind them came the echo of footsteps-a strong, purposeful gait. The footsteps grew louder. Both Brinkerhoff and Susan stopped and turned. Striding toward them was an enormous black man. Susan had never seen him before. As he approached, he fixed her with a penetrating stare. â€Å"Who's this?† he demanded. â€Å"Susan Fletcher,† Brinkerhoff replied. The enormous man arched his eyebrows. Even sooty and soaked, Susan Fletcher was more striking than he had imagined. â€Å"And the commander?† he demanded. Brinkerhoff shook his head. The man said nothing. He stared off a moment. Then he turned back to Susan. â€Å"Leland Fontaine,† he said, offering her his hand. â€Å"Glad you're okay.† Susan stared. She'd always known she'd meet the director someday, but this was not the introduction she'd envisioned. â€Å"Come along, Ms. Fletcher,† Fontaine said, leading the way. â€Å"We'll need all the help we can get.† Looming in the reddish haze at the bottom of the tunnel, a steel wall blocked their way. Fontaine approached and typed an entry code into a recessed cipher box. He then placed his right hand against a small glass panel. A strobe flashed. A moment later the massive wall thundered left. There was only one NSA chamber more sacred than Crypto, and Susan Fletcher sensed she was about to enter it. Chapter 109 The command center for the NSA's main databank looked like a scaled-down NASA mission control. A dozen computer workstations faced the thirty-foot by forty-foot video wall at the far end of the room. On the screen, numbers and diagrams flashed in rapid succession, appearing and disappearing as if someone were channel surfing. A handful of technicians raced wildly from station to station trailing long sheets of printout paper and yelling commands. It was chaos. Susan stared at the dazzling facility. She vaguely remembered that 250 metric tons of earth had been excavated to create it. The chamber was located 214 feet below ground, where it would be totally impervious to flux bombs and nuclear blasts. On a raised workstation in the center of the room stood Jabba. He bellowed orders from his platform like a king to his subjects. Illuminated on the screen directly behind him was a message. The message was all too familiar to Susan. The billboard-size text hung ominously over Jabba's head: ONLY THE TRUTH WILL SAVE YOU NOW ENTER PASS-KEY ______ As if trapped in some surreal nightmare, Susan followed Fontaine toward the podium. Her world was a slow-motion blur. Jabba saw them coming and wheeled like an enraged bull. â€Å"I built Gauntlet for a reason!† â€Å"Gauntlet's gone,† Fontaine replied evenly. â€Å"Old news, Director,† Jabba spat. â€Å"The shock wave knocked me on my ass! Where's Strathmore?† â€Å"Commander Strathmore is dead.† â€Å"Poetic fucking justice.† â€Å"Cool it, Jabba,† the director ordered. â€Å"Bring us up to speed. How bad is this virus?† Jabba stared at the director a long moment, and then without warning, he burst out laughing. â€Å"A virus?† His harsh guffaw resonated through the underground chamber. â€Å"Is that what you think this is?† Fontaine kept his cool. Jabba's insolence was way out of line, but Fontaine knew this was not the time or place to handle it. Down here, Jabba outranked God himself. Computer problems had away of ignoring the normal chain of command. â€Å"It's not a virus?† Brinkerhoff exclaimed hopefully. Jabba snorted in disgust. â€Å"Viruses have replication strings, pretty boy! This doesn't!† Susan hovered nearby, unable to focus. â€Å"Then what's going on?† Fontaine demanded. â€Å"I thought we had a virus.† Jabba sucked in a long breath and lowered his voice. â€Å"Viruses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he said, wiping sweat from his face. â€Å"Viruses reproduce. They create clones. They're vain and stupid-binary egomaniacs. They pump out babies faster than rabbits. That's their weakness-you can cross-breed them into oblivion if you know what you're doing. Unfortunately, this program has no ego, no need to reproduce. It's clear-headed and focused. In fact, when it's accomplished its objective here, it will probably commit digital suicide. â€Å"Jabba held out his arms reverently to the projected havoc on the enormous screen. â€Å"Ladies and gentlemen.† He sighed. â€Å"Meet the kamikaze of computer invaders†¦ the worm.† â€Å"Worm?† Brinkerhoff groaned. It seemed like a mundane term to describe the insidious intruder. â€Å"Worm.† Jabba smoldered. â€Å"No complex structures, just instinct-eat, shit, crawl. That's it. Simplicity. Deadly simplicity. It does what it's programmed to do and then checks out.† Fontaine eyed Jabba sternly. â€Å"And what is this worm programmed to do?† â€Å"No clue,† Jabba replied. â€Å"Right now, it's spreading out and attaching itself to all our classified data. After that, it could do anything. It might decide to delete all the files, or it might just decide to print smiley faces on certain White House transcripts.† Fontaine's voice remained cool and collected. â€Å"Can you stop it?† Jabba let out a long sigh and faced the screen. â€Å"I have no idea. It all depends on how pissed off the author is.† He pointed to the message on the wall. â€Å"Anybody want to tell me what the hell that means?† ONLY THE TRUTH WILL SAVE YOU NOW ENTER PASS-KEY ______ Jabba waited for a response and got none. â€Å"Looks like someone's messing with us, Director. Blackmail. This is a ransom note if I ever saw one.† Susan's voice was a whisper, empty and hollow. â€Å"It's†¦ Ensei Tankado.† Jabba turned to her. He stared a moment, wide-eyed. â€Å"Tankado?† Susan nodded weakly. â€Å"He wanted our confession†¦ about TRANSLTR†¦ but it cost him his-â€Å" â€Å"Confession?† Brinkerhoff interrupted, looking stunned. â€Å"Tankado wants us to confess we have TRANSLTR? I'd say it's a bit late for that!† Susan opened her mouth to speak, but Jabba took over. â€Å"Looks like Tankado's got a kill-code,† he said, gazing up at the message on the screen. Everyone turned. â€Å"Kill code?† Brinkerhoff demanded. Jabba nodded. â€Å"Yeah. A pass-key that stops the worm. Simply put, if we admit we have TRANSLTR, Tankado gives us a kill-code. We type it in and save the databank. Welcome to digital extortion.† Fontaine stood like rock, unwavering. â€Å"How long have we got?† â€Å"About an hour,† Jabba said. â€Å"Just time enough to call a press conference and spill our guts. â€Å"Recommendation,† Fontaine demanded. â€Å"What do you propose we do?† â€Å"A recommendation?† Jabba blurted in disbelief. â€Å"You want a recommendation? I'll give you a recommendation! You quit fucking around, that's what you do!† â€Å"Easy,† the director warned. â€Å"Director,† Jabba sputtered. â€Å"Right now, Ensei Tankado owns this databank! Give him whatever he wants. If he wants the world to know about TRANSLTR, call CNN, and drop your shorts. TRANSLTR's a hole in the ground now anyway-what the hell do you care?† There was a silence. Fontaine seemed to be considering his options. Susan began to speak, but Jabba beat her to it. â€Å"What are you waiting for, Director! Get Tankado on the phone! Tell him you'll play ball! We need that kill-code, or this whole place is going down!† Nobody moved. â€Å"Are you all insane?† Jabba screamed. â€Å"Call Tankado! Tell him we fold! Get me that kill-code! NOW!† Jabba whipped out his cellular phone and switched it on. â€Å"Never mind! Get me his number! I'll call the little prick myself!† â€Å"Don't bother,† Susan said in a whisper. â€Å"Tankado's dead.† After a moment of confused astonishment, the implications hit Jabba like a bullet to the gut. The huge Sys-Sec looked like he was about to crumble. â€Å"Dead? But then†¦ that means†¦ we can't†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"That means we'll need a new plan,† Fontaine said matter-of-factly. Jabba's eyes were still glazed with shock when someone in the back of the room began shouting wildly. â€Å"Jabba! Jabba!† It was Soshi Kuta, his head techie. She came running toward the podium trailing a long printout. She looked terrified. â€Å"Jabba!† She gasped. â€Å"The worm†¦ I just found out what it's programmed to do!† Soshi thrust the paper into Jabba's hands. â€Å"I pulled this from the system-activity probe! We isolated the worm's execute commands-have a look at the programming! Look what it's planning to do!† Dazed, the chief Sys-Sec read the printout. Then he grabbed the handrail for support. â€Å"Oh, Jesus,† Jabba gasped. â€Å"Tankado†¦ you bastard!†

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